Petr Dvořák，Svatopluk Skoupý，Aleksandar Stanojković，Jeffrey R. Johansen3，Chelsea Villanueva，Patrick Jung，Laura Briegel- Williams，H. Dail Laughinghouse IV， Forrest W. Lefler，David E. Berthold，Jan Kaštovský，Anne C. Hurley，Dale A. Casamatta.  A hitchhiker's guide to modern, practical cyanobacterial  taxonomy.  Journal of Phycology. 2025;00:1–17.

Abstract： There has been an explosion of new Cyanobacterial taxa described within the last two decades. Cyanobacteria exhibit incredible ecological versatilityand morphological variability, and thousands of species have already been described using “traditional” approaches (e.g., morphological features). However, DNA sequencing and other molecular tools have provided extensiveevidence that the diversity of cyanobacteria is not necessarily congruentwith morphology, as many morphological genera (e.g., Phormidium, Leptolyngbya, and Nostoc) are polyphyletic, and species within the genera are often morphologically indistinguishable, thus cryptic. Further confoundingsystematic assessments, newly erected taxa are often based on a single strain with one or two 16S rRNA gene sequences, may have incomplete formaldescriptions, and lack indication of the employed species concepts. Here we have proposed a set of guidelines for cyanobacterial taxonomists. We have focused on the whole process of erecting new taxa: sampling, sequencing(including genomes), phylogenetic inference, phenotype characterization, species concepts, formal descriptions, and codes of nomenclature. Our hope is that these guidelines will help with the laborious but ever- rewarding task of identifying and describing the taxa within the world of cyanobacteria.